Mustafayev studied in Iran and later worked at the Institute of Philosophy under the National Academy of Sciences. In 2007, he defended his thesis. He established Spiritual Purity public association in 2001 and New East investigations centre in 2005.

Mustafaoglu also hosted a programme at ANS TV channel and headed the Media Academy at this channel. In the last two years, he had worked on a scientific programme in Norway and returned to Baku in 2014. In the recent months, he had been collaborating with the Board of Muslims of the Caucasus. The board has not commented on Mustafayev's arrest yet.